JMenu, JMenuBar and JMenuItem – Java Swing – Example

In this tutorial, we are going to see an example of JMenu, JMenuBar and JMenuItem in Java Swing. JMenuBar class is used to display the menu bar on the window. It can have multiple menus.

JMenu class object is used to create a drop-down menu that is displayed from the menu bar. It inherits from JMenuItem class.

The object of JMenuItem class adds a simple item to the menu. The items used in a menu must belong to JMenuItem or to one of its subclasses.

 
 

List of constructors:

Constructors	Description
JMenuBar()	Create a new menu bar.
JMenu()	Create a new menu without text.
JMenu(String name)	Create a new menu with a specified name.
JMenu(String name, boolean b)	Creates a new menu with a specified name and a boolean

 

Commonly used methods:

• add(JMenu c) : Adds a menu (JMenu object) to the menu bar.
• add(Component c) : Add a component at the end of JMenu.
• add(Component c, int index) : Adds a component to the specified index of JMenu.
• add(JMenuItem menuItem) : Adds a menu item at the end of the menu.
• add(String s) : Creates a menu item with the specified string and appends it to the end of the menu.
• getItem(int index) : Returns the specified element at the given index.

 

Example of JMenu, JMenuBar and JMenuItem in Java Swing:

import javax.swing.*;

class MyMenu
{
  JMenu menu, smenu;
  JMenuItem e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6;
  
  MyMenu()
  {
    // Create the frame
    JFrame frame = new JFrame("Menu Example");
    // Create the menu bar
    JMenuBar menubar = new JMenuBar();
    // Create menu
    menu = new JMenu("Menu");
    // Create the sub menu
    smenu = new JMenu("Sub menu");
    // Create menu and submenu items
    e1 = new JMenuItem("Item 1");
    e2 = new JMenuItem("Item 2");
    e3 = new JMenuItem("Item 3");
    e4 = new JMenuItem("Item 4");
    e5 = new JMenuItem("Item 5");
    e6 = new JMenuItem("Item 6");
    // Add items to menu
    menu.add(e1); 
    menu.add(e2); 
    menu.add(e3);
    // Add items to the submenu
    smenu.add(e4); 
    smenu.add(e5);
    smenu.add(e6);
    // Add the submenu to the main menu
    menu.add(smenu);
    // Add the menu to the menu bar
    menubar.add(menu);
    // Add the menu bar to the frame
    frame.setJMenuBar(menubar);
    frame.setSize(300,300);
    frame.setLayout(null);
    frame.setVisible(true);
  }
  public static void main(String args[])
  {
    new MyMenu();
  }
}

Output:

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